Diamond is one of the most beautiful minerals, created by nature itself. Diamond is a mineral, which owing to its peculiar unique features, such as exceptional esthetic beauty, bright shining, wonderful light refraction, strong light dispersion, unordinary chemical resistance inertness, unsur- passed hardness, has occupied the leading position among all the precious stones for years. Brilliant, created as a result of skilled faceting of a diamond, is a unique adornment for women.

Average content of diamonds in kimberlites constitutes about 0,5 carats per 1 m3 of mining rock, in placer — about 0,25-0,5 carats per 1 m3. Basic diamond kimberlites are located in Russia and SAR. In general African con- tinent is rich in natural and gravel deposits of diamonds (including offshore fields). In addition to SAR there are diamonds in Zaire, Botswana, Angola, Namibia, Ghana, Sierra-Leone and other countries. Gravel deposits and natural rich fields are located in Australia. There natural fields are represent- ed as tube-like vertical bodies, but filled in with lamproite — magnetic rock, which in its content is similar with potassium high-alkali basalts (content of K20 up to 10% and more).

The name of the fields is usually associated with the names of large kim- berlitic pipes, with diameter of 0,5 km. For instance, «Kimberly» is a group of diamond fields in SAR. It has been developed since 867. The area is up to 195 thou. m2; including 15 kimberlitic pipes. Basic center of production is Kimberly city.
«Premier» is a diamond field in SAR. Kimberlitic pipe is 880x500m. By the way, it is there that the largest diamond «Kuhllinan» of 3106 carats was produced.

In Tanzania there is a huge pipe «Mvadui» with diameter of 1,5 km being developed; pipes with diameters of more than 1 km are known in Botswana; large «Mote» pipe is located is Lesotho.